Dzērieni

Piedāvā produkcijas degustāciju un ekskursiju dzirkstošo bērzu sulu ražotnē.

Garšīgas sulas ir svaigas, un, lai tās saglabātu ilgstoši atspirdzinošas un vērtīgas, daudzu gadu laikā ir izstrādātas jaunas receptes. Atsakoties no tradicionālajām garšvielām, dzērienam pievienoja piparmētras, kas sulu padarīja atspirdzinošu, ilgstoši svaigu ar patīkamu aromātu. SIA Kainaiži sulu ražošanu uzsāka 2010. gadā.
Nosaukums BIRZĪ dots tāpēc, ka tas tas asociējas ar latvisko tradīciju, ar svaigumu un veselību, ko saņemat, dzerot sulas.

Smiltenes novada Brantu pagasta "Kainaižos" ir plašas ražošanas telpas ar pagrabu, kur tiek izgatavotas un glabātas dzirkstošās bērzu sulas. Viena telpa ir paredzēta arī apmeklētājiem, kuriem stásta par ražošanas procesu (video projekcijas, bildes - materiāli no pavasara tecināšanas), iespéjams nogaršot bērzu sulas no svaigām līdz dzirkstošām ar dažādām garšām. Šobrīd ražo dzērienu ar 5 garšām - ar piparmētru, ar upeņu pumpuru, ar citronu, ar apelsīnu, ar karkadē un krustnagliņas garšu. Tāpat arī būs iespēja nogaršot unikālo bērzu sulas sīrupu, kura iegūšana ir ilgstošs un ietilpīgs process. Birzī produkcija ir bioloģiski sertificēta. Visu Birzī produkciju ir iespējams iegādāties.

Alus un sidra darītava "Turkalnes muiža" ir vieta, kur vēsture satiekas ar mūsdienu tehnoloģijām.

Vēsture
Muižas vēsture zināma kopš 1604. gada. Tās tagadējais īpašnieks 2018. gadā atjaunoja muižas klēti, ierīkojot tajā alus, vīna un sidra darītavu. 

Āboli
Turkalnes muižas dārzā 1 hektāra platībā aug šķirņu 'Sīpoliņš', 'Auksis', 'Antonovka', 'Remo', 'Spartan' ābeles. 

Sidri
Turkalnes muižā dara ābolu sidru, ābolu-rabarberu sidru, un karsto sidru. 

Apmeklētājiem
Viesiem piedāvā degustācijas vēsturiskajā klēts ēkā. Tās otrajā stāvā ir plaša telpa pasākumiem: kāzām un ģimenes svētkiem, semināriem un apmācībām. Iiepriekš vienojoties, iespējams pasūtīt ēdināšanu. Naktsmītnes un pasākumu rīkošanas vietas pieejamas 1 km attālumā atpūtas kompleksā Turbas. Ekskursija pa Turkalnes muižas teritoriju ar stāstu par muižas vēsturi un atjaunošanu.

Kur iegādāties
Sidri iegādājami Turkalnes muižas klētī un e-veikalā turkalnesmuiza.lv.

As the owners say, Mūrbūdu Cider is an Abnormal Cider - here are no traditions, and creativity knows no bounds. 

Our Story 
The cidery is located in an ancient stone building in Valka region, next to the ruins of an old Livonian Order castle.

Apples  
Mūrbūdu Cider always strives to do something new and unprecedented, using fruit and berries that are locally sourced from the surrounding area as much as possible.

Ciders  
Experiments with flavours (honey, berries, ginger, and spices) and cider-making methods (aging in oak bourbon barrels, malolactic acid fermentation, fermentation with beer yeast) result in a diverse range of ciders, allowing for the discovery of new and exciting flavours and cider styles. Not all experiments are successful, but the best ones always reach the customers.

For Visitors 
The cidery offers tours with tastings and themed masterclasses led by the owner, as well as the option to create custom programmes.

Where to Buy  
Mūrbūdu Ciders can be purchased in stores such as Rimi, Eirovīns, Spirits&Wine, at the Limonāde bar, and at the Sidrērija taproom in the Old Town of Riga.

Līgatne Winery is a family business that produces special ciders in the Gauja National Park.

Our Story
Līgatne Winery is a family business established in 2010 with the aim of producing high-quality, delicious homemade wine from berries and fruits grown in Latvia. For several years now, the company has also been producing cider.

Apples
The family’s orchard is located in Gauja National Park, where they use autumn and winter apple varieties to create sweet apple ice cider and semi-sweet quince cider. The newer cider apple trees, known for their red flesh, yield a juice that gives the cider a pink hue.

Ciders
They produce sweet apple ice cider and semi-sweet quince cider.

For Visitors
Tastings are held by candlelight in the sandstone cave "Lustūzis" in Līgatne, accompanied by stories about the historical Līgatne paper mill village, caves, cliffs, and the traditions of winemaking and cider production. As a snack to pair with the drinks, cheese made from fresh milk from a local farm is offered.

Where to buy
The full range of drinks is available at the winery’s shop in Līgatne and online at ligatnesvinadaritava.lv. 

Abavas Winery, located near Tukums, invites you to taste Latvian fruit and berry wines, ciders, a variety of non-alcoholic drinks, as well as spirits.

History
The inspiration to establish the winery came to the owners during their honeymoon trip, when they visited some of Europe’s oldest wineries. Over the years, it has grown into the largest and most renowned winery in Latvia.

Grapes
Near Sabile, the winery cultivates a 4-hectare vineyard – the largest commercial vineyard in Latvia and one of the northernmost in the world. The harvested grapes are used to produce award-winning wines.

Apples
At the 4-hectare apple orchard next to the winery in Tukums grow apple trees that were planted during Soviet times and represent the industrial varieties of that period. Meanwhile, a certified organic apple orchard has been established near Sabile. From the harvest, excellent and award-winning alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages are crafted.

For Visitors
The owners warmly invite guests to visit the winery, learn its story, and enjoy a tasting of various drinks. For groups, snack platters can be pre-ordered. The winery also offers spaces for events – seminars, parties, and corporate gatherings.

Where to Buy
Abavas beverages can be found in major retail chains, specialty shops, and the online store abavas.lv. The widest selection and best prices are available at the Abavas Winery shop on-site.

Abuls is one of the most experienced cider makers in Latvia. They craft artisanal cider near Smiltene, in Northern Vidzeme.

Our Story 
Cider making began in 2000, with passionate experimentation using local apples each year. Later, inspiration was drawn from visiting cider regions in Normandy, Asturias, Somerset, and the Basque Country. Since 2018, cider has been made in a newly built cider cellar near an orchard, at the very source of the Abuls River.

Apples
The cider orchard hosts about 400 apple trees - some are special English cider apples, local wild apples, paradise apples, and local late autumn apple varieties. True apple varieties are also sought on expeditions in Latvian nature - in forest edges, ditches, and abandoned gardens.

Ciders
The ciders are crafted using white wine-making techniques, which help preserve the freshness and local apple aroma as much as possible. All Abuls ciders are handmade. The cider is also fermented using the wild yeasts found on apple skins, which adds a natural sweetness of apple juice.

For Visitors 
The offer includes a tour of the cidery and orchard, a tasting of all available ciders, stories about cider culture, and the cider-making process.

Where to Buy 
The cider is available in bottles and on tap in kegs. Abuls ciders can be purchased in bars, cafes, and stores, as well as in markets and festivals, at the Abuls cider cellar, and online at the e-shop bode.abuls.lv.

The Tērvete brewery produces not only beer, but also the thirst-quenching and refreshing kvass drink made from rye malt extract. The brewery was built in 1971. Over time, it has developed and become a modern factory of natural beverages of a high quality. The produce can be purchased on-site.

Zilver beverages come from the Zilver family country house in Sigulda.

Our Story 
Initially, the cider makers produced cider for their own needs, using the harvest from their apple orchard. The family business’s main products are fruit and berry wines. Cider became a favourite drink of the Zilver family, especially in the summer. Its taste and quality were also appreciated by family friends and clients, which led the family to expand cider production.

Apples  
The farm’s apple orchard has around 80 different apple varieties, some of which are specifically selected for cider-making.

Ciders
Zilver produces Quince Semi-Sweet Cider and Wild Apple Cider.

For Visitors 
Guests are offered a tour of the production facility, as well as cider and wine tastings with snacks. During the summer season, visitors can observe the "captured apples" – apples grown directly in bottles and later infused with apple brandy.

Where to Buy
Zilver ciders can be purchased by visiting the drink production facility.

After viewing the lovely scenes that are a part of the Drubazi nature trail, which runs along the banks of the Ancient Abava River Valley, the owner offers tastings of homemade wine. He produces wines from 12 different berries, including raspberries, black currants, blackberries, lingonberries, grapes, sea buckthorn, and others.

Herbsts is a family-owned cidery producing natural, locally crafted cider in the western region of Latvia, Kurzeme.

Our Story
This is a story of old orchards, wild apple trees, and a passionate pursuit of creating ciders with a unique Baltic flavour.

Apples 
Cider is made from apples hand-picked in a 60-year-old orchard. The search for distinctive cider flavours also lead the cider makers to the wild, where forest apples with unique tastes are found. During the winter months, a slow fermentation process transforms the apple juice into a flavourful and refreshing drink.

Ciders 
Each cider tells a story of how its distinctive, unique flavour was discovered. The experiments and dedication were rewarded at the Nordic Cider Competition (NICA) in 2023, where "Dullais Dauka" won a gold medal and "Plūsis" took silver – the first international recognition for Herbsts ciders.

For Visitors 
Each autumn, cider harvest gatherings are organised, offering everyone a chance to enjoy active time in the orchard, taste previous years' ciders, and enjoy a meal cooked over an open fire. And, of course, there’s the chance to pick juicy apples perfect for cider making.

Where to Buy  
Available in cafes and bars in Liepāja, at markets, and from the online shop herbsts.lv.

The vineyard of the ABAVA family winery covers 3.5 ha at this time, and is being expanded year by year.  We have a wide range of types of grapes, and we harvest them each year to produce a limited amount of wine.

The winery was set up by the family of Mārtiņš and Liene Barkāns, and it is a well-developed company which produces high-quality beverages from fruits and berries that are grown in Latvia.  The ABAVA winery was established in 2010, and it quite quickly became one of Latvia’s leading wineries.

Sabile ciders are crafted from natural apple juice using traditional cider-making methods.

Our Story 
The owners of Sabile Cidery are the Circenis family – Baiba and Aldis. The idea of the cidery came from both tending the family orchard near Sabile, where old, majestic apple trees grow, and from learning about cider culture and production traditions in England and France.

Apples  
The apples used for cider-making are grown in the orchards of Kurzeme – both dessert apples and specially selected varieties suitable for cider production.

Ciders 
Sabile's ciders are intense, yet fresh and sparkling, with or without additional flavours. Two brands of cider are produced: Sabiles Cider and Gardener's. There are also mulled ciders and cider cocktails available. Sabile's ciders have won awards at international competitions in Spain, Germany, Norway, and Riga.

For Visitors
The cidery offers tours with stories about cider-making in Sabile, as well as tastings at the Sabile's Cider House.

Where to Buy
Sabile's and Gardener's ciders can be purchased at major retail chains, specialized shops, the Sabiles Cider House, and the Sabiles Cider online shop at sabilessidrs.lv.

Mr Plūme Cidery crafts cider from select apple varieties grown in their own orchard and foraged from the wild, as well as perry made from carefully chosen pears.

Our Story 
Māris and Dace Plūme have been crafting cider since 2010, drawing on experience gained in top cider houses in France and Austria and experimenting with various cider and winemaking methods.

Apples 
Their 1.5-hectare orchard is home to rare and aromatic dessert apple varieties, the latest apple hybrids, and select pear varieties from Austria, England, and local sources, all cultivated for perry production. Each autumn, the owners embark on “apple safaris,” searching for interesting wild apple trees from which they gather fruit, adding the best to their collection. The orchard also includes unique apple and pear varieties discovered by the owners, such as ‘Pāvilosta Cider Apple,’ ‘Kaibala Bitter,’ ‘Aizpute Pear,’ and others.

Ciders 
They produce both naturally sparkling and still apple ciders, using wild fermentation (without adding yeast) or different types of yeasts. They also make premium ciders from one to four select apple or pear varieties from their orchard, which showcase the distinct ‘terroir’ of the farm. Mr Plūme ciders have won awards at cider competitions in Spain, Germany, Norway, Madeira, as well as in Baltic and Nordic competitions.

For Visitors 
Visitors can enjoy tours of the orchard and cidery, including tastings and stories about the cider-making process. With prior arrangement, an instrumental guitar performance by musician and owner Māris Plūme is also available.

Where to Buy 
Their products can be purchased in shops, on-site at the cidery, or from the online shop at mrplume.lv.

The spoon workshop offers useful objects such as wooden spoons, cutting boards, butter knives, pans, spatulas, etc. You can produce your own wooden spoon and look at finished spoons made of more than 17 different types of wood from Latvia. During the summer the owners offer “pancake tours” with tasty jams. You can purchase spoons and homemade wine.

At Estonia's oldest and largest beverage producer, brewery A. Le Coq, visitors of the brewery museum are invited to get acquainted with the history of beer brewing and beer culture, modern beer production as well as taste the beer. More than 2000 exhibits, opportunity to taste beer and other delicacies in the tavern of museum. You can buy beer and snacks to go with it, as well as souvenirs in the small store of the museum.

In the vicinity of Cesvaine Castle, in the manor complex building, natural live beer is brewed according to ancient methods. The 150-year-old tradition of beer brewing, inspired by the first city brewery in 1865, has been revived here. Offers excursions in the brewery and tasting.

The farm grows fruit trees and raspberries, and it makes homemade wines from various fruits and berries, including raspberries, black currants and apples. You can purchase products, and groups of up to 25 people can attend wine tastings in a very fine hall.

Jaanihanso Cider House makes cider from natural Estonian apples. Here there is a special technique applied to making the cider – the cider clears and matures as same as the best champagne in the world does. Here it’s possible to try different ciders and for additional fee, snacks to with it, as well as take a tour around the Cider House. In this case, registering one week in advance is necessary.

Kodas is a forward-thinking cider brand from Southern Estonia, known for its sustainable and precise approach to cider-making. They grow over 30 apple varieties organically, ensuring authentic flavors without artificial additives. Kodas emphasizes pure, undiluted apple juice in their ciders, collaborating with fermentation experts to refine unique production methods. Sustainability is central to their philosophy, with a zero-waste approach that transforms apple byproducts into spirits, purees, and more. Kodas rebranded in 2021, expanding its focus to include non-alcoholic beverages, spirits, and food products, all crafted with a balance of tradition and innovation.

The brewery of Uzava offers group excursions where you are told about the history of the place and the brewing process. It is possible to buy different sorts of beer and beer-related souvenirs in the nearby shop.

The farm is open to visitors all year round, but the best time to visit is during the spring and summer.  The farm offers 45-minute lectures about plants, after which there is a 30-minute tour of local plants outdoors.

“Saules veltes” ir mājas vīna darītava Salaspilī, kas nodarbojas ar mājas vīnu, liķieru un degvīnu gatavošanu. Alkoholiskie dzērieni tiek ražoti no dabīgiem dārza augļiem un ogām, tostarp upenēm, avenēm, cidonijām, pīlādžiem un pat mārrutkiem. Apmeklētājiem ir iespēja aplūkot saimniecību (uzņem arī 15-20 lielas tūristu grupas), kā arī degustēt konkrētos dzērienus, kurus arī turpat ir iespējams iegādāties; piedāvājumā lieli un mazi tilpumi, dāvanu un suvenīru komplekti.

This location produces alcoholic beverages, including vodka called “Red Cliff Water”, other vodkas, and liqueurs made of cranberries, lingonberries, blackberries, mountain-ash, sea buckthorn, as well as a special “Christmas balsam.” Tours are available with interesting stories about how the beverages are produced.

The Mazburkas farm is in a lovely location between the Rīga-Ventspils (A 10) highway and Tukums, with a beautiful and hillocky landscape all around it.  There are fields grapes on the southern slopes of the hillocks, and some 60 different kinds of grapes are grown there.  Visitors can pick their own grapes or buy some that have already been picked.  The lady of the farm produces outstanding wines that have received prestigious prizes, including international ones.  Another specialisation is sheep breeding.  Visitors can look at the herd and purchase mutton if they contact the farm in advance for that purpose.  There is a large wooden platform at the farm for visitors.  Owner Gunta Niedra is happy to share in her experiences and provide consultations to those who wish to engage in sheep breeding.

Your visit to the Sēlija tree farm will include an exciting story from the owner, Mendriķis, about apple trees.  You can tour the orchard, warehouses and processing facilities, enjoying a glass of apple juice or listening to the story about winemakers while sipping a glass of apple wine.

A small beer brewery and shop in Lielvārde that organises tastings and offers to taste Latvian delicacies on-site and to purchase them for take away.

Beverīnas Beverages is a family-owned business that produces cider, sparkling fruit lemonades, and fruit juice on its farm.

History
The company was founded through the development of its own fruit cultivation and processing operations. Over time, the company began producing juices, ciders, and sparkling lemonades from its own apples and pears.

Apples and Pears
Most of the fruit (apples and pears) used to make the beverages is grown in their own orchard, which has more than 6,000 fruit trees.

For Visitors
The company provides services related to the preparation of beverages for individual orders:

• Juice extraction, pasteurization, and packaging
• Make your own cider
• Custom lemonade
• Bottling of beverages

Where to Buy
Beverīna beverages can be purchased at the production facility near Trikāta, ordered for delivery throughout Latvia, and also purchased at stores in Valmiera, Riga, and Rāmkalni.

This is a brewery in a lovely part of Lithuania known as Little Switzerland, surrounded by forests, lakes and castle hills.  "Čizo" beer is light, unfiltered and alive, and it is produced on the basis of ancient traditions with forest bee honey.  The brewer has not just a recipe, but also equipment so that he can offer a look at ancient methods of beer brewing.

The garden is opposite the Brenguļi brewery, where unfiltered and unpasteurised beers are made from locally grown grains and on the basis of the knowledge of ancestors. The beer garden offers light and dark Brenguļi beer, as well as Latvian dishes.

Latvian cuisine: Grey peas with bacon, sausages with cabbage, Rūjiena ice cream.

Fruit and berry wine has been made at the Tori Jõesuu Cider and Wine Farm since its beginnings. The people currently living there are inspired by the experiences of their ancestors and value the fruits and berries that grow from the local Soomaa soil, which has a particular composition. The old feral apple tree, which grows in the yard, is particularly special because its golden apples have an unusual taste which makes the Tori Jõesuu Cider Farm cider unique. The visit also includes a tour of a genuine Nordic vineyard. The Cider tour around Tori Jõesuu Cider and Wine Farm on the edge of Soomaa has been awarded the EHE (Genuine and Interesting Estonia) quality label. The farm introduces guests to the secrets of good cider and wine making, the special features of the cultivation of northern grapes, as well as offers catering and organises tastings.

From the berries and fruits that grow in the wonderful Võrumaa hilly area, farmers make wine, introduce guests to their garden, explain the wine making process, organise tastings and classes.

Wine production at Allikukivi takes place in the old servants’ house of the broadcloth factory director. Guests are welcome to taste a wide variety of drinks on the estate's balcony and explore the secrets of wine making, history of the manor and berry plantations. Manufacture of fruit and berry wines using Estonian recipes.

No dabiskām, pašu audzētām, vai no vietējiem zemniekiem pirktām izejvielām pēc senču metodēm gatavo ābolu, rabarberu un upeņu vīnus un upeņu spirtu. Ekskursijas laikā var iepazīt dzērienu tapšanas procesu, degustēt un iegādāties jau gatavus produktus saimniecības veikaliņā.

No dārza un meža ogām, pārmantojot paaudžu tradīcijas, gatavo mājas vīnu. Piedāvā 4 vīnu degustāciju ar uzkodām un filozofiskas sarunas par vīna gatavošanas receptēm. Produkcijas iegāde.

Saimnieks no Latvijā audzētām izejvielām ražo un piedāvā > 20 dažādus (t.sk. eksotisko ziedu) vīnus. Šeit var nobaudīt un iegādāties vīnus, kas darināti no ogām, augļiem, dārzeņiem un ziediem, t.sk. no baltajiem ceriņiem, melnā plūškoka, pienenēm, dižbrūklenēm u.c. Blakus esošajā dienliliju dārzā (lielākais Austrumeiropā) var iegādāties stādus.

Dienliliju dārzā ir apskatāmas un nopērkamas gan pasaulē slavenu dienliliju selekcionāru šķirnes, gan dienliliju dārza aizsācēja V. Baņģiera, gan arī jaunās selekcionētās dienliliju šķirnes. Kopumā dārzā vara apskatīties un iegādāties vairāk kā 1000 dažādas dienliliju šķirnes! Dārzs apmeklētājiem ir brīvi pieejams, dienliliju ziedēšanas laikā, jūlijā un augustā, katru dienu no 9-19. Piedāvā majas vīna “Vējkalnietis” degustācijas.

Ap 400 gadus vecajos (iespējams, - vecākie Latvijā) muižas pagrabos piedāvā Kurzemes vīndaru mājas vīna šķirņu degustāciju (3 – 7 vīni), kā arī Šlokenbekas muižas īpašo vīnu ar vietējiem lauku labumiem (sola pārsteigumu!).

BURSH (SIA „ECOS”) alus darītava – viena no mazākajām alus darītavām Latvijā, kas atrodas starp Zemgales, Vidzemes, Latgales un Sēlijas novadiem – Pļaviņu novada Aiviekstes pagastā. Alus cienītājiem piedāvājam tumšo un gaišo alu BURSH. 
BURSH ir no ūdens, miežu iesala, apiņiem un rauga gatavots, uz malkas krāsns vārīts, ozolkoka mucās raudzēts un 30 dienas gatavināts alus. SIA “ECOS” ražošanā izmanto tikai dabīgas izejvielas. Alus tiek gatavots pēc īpaši BURSH alus darītavai radītas receptes, ievērojot tradicionālās alus gatavošanas metodes. 

Ciemos gaida gan individuālus apmeklētājus, gan tūristu grupas (iepriekš piesakoties).

Zoltners ir vieta, kur laika plūdums kļūst nebūtisks. Miers un atmosfēra, ko veido apkārtnes lauku ainava un pārdomātā arhitektūra, ir izcila vide, kurā aizmirst pilsētas rūpes un steigu. 

Šis gads iesācies ar pārmaiņām Zoltners restorānā. No februāra garšas piedzīvojumus turpinām ar jaunu šefpavāru Nauri Malāhovu.

Nauris ir svaiguma un vietējo produktu piekritējs – spēj radīt esenci no labākā, ko var sniegt katra sezona. Baudu no garšas uzskata par savu misiju. Ēdienkarte veidota no atlasītiem ēdieniem, lai katram var pievērsties kā mākslas darbam. Garša ir dabiska - tīra un īsta, papildināta ar akcentiem, kas saskan, nekā lieka.

Kad virtuvē darbojas jauns pavārs, tad viesošanās restorānā ir pavisam jauna pieredze. Tas ir tikpat kā apmeklēt jaunu restorānu. 

Kloostrimetsa ir sidra zīmols ar gadsimtiem senām tradīcijām. Uzņēmums specializējas augstas kvalitātes sidra ražošanā, izmantojot tradicionālās metodes, kur sidrs tiek darināts no pašu audzētiem āboliem, ļaujot sulai dabīgi fermentēties, lai saglabātu autentisku garšu. Papildus sidram tiek gatavoti arī ievārījumi, sulas un sīrupi mājas virtuvē. Dārzos un laukos aug dažādi augļi un ogas, tostarp aronijas, smiltsērkšķi un upenes. Pavasaros tiek ievākta bērzu un kļavu sula sezonāliem produktiem. Saimniecība piekopj ilgtspējīgas prakses, izmantojot saules enerģiju un saudzīgu zemes apsaimniekošanu.

Saimniecībā no vietējiem produktiem ražo mājas vīnus (plūmju, aveņu, bērzu sulas, aroniju, augļu - ogu, vīnogu, upeņu u.c.), ievārījumus (upeņu, ābolu, ērkšķogu, rīvētu kabaču, ābolu - ķirbju u.c.), marinējumus (tomāti želejā, dārzeņu lečo, gurķi kurzemnieku gaumē, kabaču ikri, marinēti kāposti u.c.), kompotus (zemeņu, aveņu, ķirbju, plūmju u.c.), sulas un sīrupus (ābolu, aroniju), vīnus (ābolu - irbeņu, aveņu, plūmju, aroniju, vīnogu u.c.), liķierus (zemeņu, dzērveņu, piparkūku, cidoniju, aveņu u.c.).  Tūristu grupām piedāvā vīnu un  liķieru degustācijas: var pamēģināt 8 - 9 vīnu vai 5 liķieru veidus. Grupas lielums ir no 10 - 40 cilvēki.